如何按标题分割 Markdown

动机

许多聊天或问答应用程序在嵌入和向量存储之前会对输入文档进行分块处理。

这些笔记来自Pinecone，提供了一些有用的提示：

When a full paragraph or document is embedded, the embedding process considers both the overall context and the relationships between the sentences and phrases within the text. This can result in a more comprehensive vector representation that captures the broader meaning and themes of the text.

如前所述，分块通常旨在将具有共同上下文的文本保留在一起。基于此考虑，我们可能希望特别尊重文档本身的结构。例如，Markdown 文件是按标题组织的。在特定的标题组内创建分块是一个直观的想法。为了解决这一挑战，我们可以使用 MarkdownHeaderTextSplitter。它将按指定的标题集对 Markdown 文件进行分割。

例如，如果我们想拆分以下 markdown：

md = '# Foo\n\n ## Bar\n\nHi this is Jim  \nHi this is Joe\n\n ## Baz\n\n Hi this is Molly' 

我们可以指定用于分割的标题：

[("#", "Header 1"),("##", "Header 2")]

内容按通用标题分组或拆分：

{'content': 'Hi this is Jim  \nHi this is Joe', 'metadata': {'Header 1': 'Foo', 'Header 2': 'Bar'}}
{'content': 'Hi this is Molly', 'metadata': {'Header 1': 'Foo', 'Header 2': 'Baz'}}

让我们看看下面的示例。

基本用法:

%pip install -qU langchain-text-splitters

from langchain_text_splitters import MarkdownHeaderTextSplitter

API 参考:Markdown 标题头分割器

markdown_document = "# Foo\n\n    ## Bar\n\nHi this is Jim\n\nHi this is Joe\n\n ### Boo \n\n Hi this is Lance \n\n ## Baz\n\n Hi this is Molly"

headers_to_split_on = [
    ("#", "Header 1"),
    ("##", "Header 2"),
    ("###", "Header 3"),
]

markdown_splitter = MarkdownHeaderTextSplitter(headers_to_split_on)
md_header_splits = markdown_splitter.split_text(markdown_document)
md_header_splits

[Document(page_content='Hi this is Jim  \nHi this is Joe', metadata={'Header 1': 'Foo', 'Header 2': 'Bar'}),
 Document(page_content='Hi this is Lance', metadata={'Header 1': 'Foo', 'Header 2': 'Bar', 'Header 3': 'Boo'}),
 Document(page_content='Hi this is Molly', metadata={'Header 1': 'Foo', 'Header 2': 'Baz'})]

type(md_header_splits[0])

langchain_core.documents.base.Document

默认情况下，MarkdownHeaderTextSplitter会从输出块的內容中移除被分割的标题。可以通过设置strip_headers = False来禁用此行为。

markdown_splitter = MarkdownHeaderTextSplitter(headers_to_split_on, strip_headers=False)
md_header_splits = markdown_splitter.split_text(markdown_document)
md_header_splits

[Document(page_content='# Foo  \n## Bar  \nHi this is Jim  \nHi this is Joe', metadata={'Header 1': 'Foo', 'Header 2': 'Bar'}),
 Document(page_content='### Boo  \nHi this is Lance', metadata={'Header 1': 'Foo', 'Header 2': 'Bar', 'Header 3': 'Boo'}),
 Document(page_content='## Baz  \nHi this is Molly', metadata={'Header 1': 'Foo', 'Header 2': 'Baz'})]

注意

默认的 MarkdownHeaderTextSplitter 会去除空格和换行符。若要保留 Markdown 文档的原始格式，请查看 ExperimentalMarkdownSyntaxTextSplitter。

如何将 Markdown 行作为单独文档返回

默认情况下，MarkdownHeaderTextSplitter根据在headers_to_split_on中指定的标题聚合行。我们可以通过指定return_each_line来禁用此功能：

markdown_splitter = MarkdownHeaderTextSplitter(
    headers_to_split_on,
    return_each_line=True,
)
md_header_splits = markdown_splitter.split_text(markdown_document)
md_header_splits

[Document(page_content='Hi this is Jim', metadata={'Header 1': 'Foo', 'Header 2': 'Bar'}),
 Document(page_content='Hi this is Joe', metadata={'Header 1': 'Foo', 'Header 2': 'Bar'}),
 Document(page_content='Hi this is Lance', metadata={'Header 1': 'Foo', 'Header 2': 'Bar', 'Header 3': 'Boo'}),
 Document(page_content='Hi this is Molly', metadata={'Header 1': 'Foo', 'Header 2': 'Baz'})]

请注意，此处每个文档的头部信息都保留在metadata中。

如何限制块大小：

在每一个 markdown 组中，我们可以应用任意我们想要的文本分割器，例如 RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter，这允许对块大小进行更精细的控制。

markdown_document = "# Intro \n\n    ## History \n\n Markdown[9] is a lightweight markup language for creating formatted text using a plain-text editor. John Gruber created Markdown in 2004 as a markup language that is appealing to human readers in its source code form.[9] \n\n Markdown is widely used in blogging, instant messaging, online forums, collaborative software, documentation pages, and readme files. \n\n ## Rise and divergence \n\n As Markdown popularity grew rapidly, many Markdown implementations appeared, driven mostly by the need for \n\n additional features such as tables, footnotes, definition lists,[note 1] and Markdown inside HTML blocks. \n\n #### Standardization \n\n From 2012, a group of people, including Jeff Atwood and John MacFarlane, launched what Atwood characterised as a standardisation effort. \n\n ## Implementations \n\n Implementations of Markdown are available for over a dozen programming languages."

headers_to_split_on = [
    ("#", "Header 1"),
    ("##", "Header 2"),
]

# MD splits
markdown_splitter = MarkdownHeaderTextSplitter(
    headers_to_split_on=headers_to_split_on, strip_headers=False
)
md_header_splits = markdown_splitter.split_text(markdown_document)

# Char-level splits
from langchain_text_splitters import RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter

chunk_size = 250
chunk_overlap = 30
text_splitter = RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter(
    chunk_size=chunk_size, chunk_overlap=chunk_overlap
)

# Split
splits = text_splitter.split_documents(md_header_splits)
splits

API 参考:递归字符文本分割器

[Document(page_content='# Intro  \n## History  \nMarkdown[9] is a lightweight markup language for creating formatted text using a plain-text editor. John Gruber created Markdown in 2004 as a markup language that is appealing to human readers in its source code form.[9]', metadata={'Header 1': 'Intro', 'Header 2': 'History'}),
 Document(page_content='Markdown is widely used in blogging, instant messaging, online forums, collaborative software, documentation pages, and readme files.', metadata={'Header 1': 'Intro', 'Header 2': 'History'}),
 Document(page_content='## Rise and divergence  \nAs Markdown popularity grew rapidly, many Markdown implementations appeared, driven mostly by the need for  \nadditional features such as tables, footnotes, definition lists,[note 1] and Markdown inside HTML blocks.', metadata={'Header 1': 'Intro', 'Header 2': 'Rise and divergence'}),
 Document(page_content='#### Standardization  \nFrom 2012, a group of people, including Jeff Atwood and John MacFarlane, launched what Atwood characterised as a standardisation effort.', metadata={'Header 1': 'Intro', 'Header 2': 'Rise and divergence'}),
 Document(page_content='## Implementations  \nImplementations of Markdown are available for over a dozen programming languages.', metadata={'Header 1': 'Intro', 'Header 2': 'Implementations'})]