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如何将 JSON 数据拆分

此 JSON 分割器 分割 JSON 数据，同时允许控制块的大小。它以深度优先方式遍历 JSON 数据并构建较小的 JSON 块。它尝试保持嵌套的 JSON 对象完整，但必要时会进行分割，以确保块的大小介于 min_chunk_size 和 max_chunk_size 之间。

如果该值不是嵌套的 JSON，而是一个非常大的字符串，则该字符串不会被分割。如果您需要对块大小设置硬性限制，请考虑使用递归文本分割器对这些块进行组合处理。此外，还有一个可选的预处理步骤：先将列表转换为 JSON（字典），然后按此方式进行分割。

  1. 文本如何分割：json 值。
  2. 块大小的测量方式：按字符数量计算。
%pip install -qU langchain-text-splitters

首先我们加载一些json数据：

import json

import requests

# This is a large nested json object and will be loaded as a python dict
json_data = requests.get("https://api.smith.langchain.com/openapi.json").json()

基本用法​

指定 max_chunk_size 以限制块大小：

from langchain_text_splitters import RecursiveJsonSplitter

splitter = RecursiveJsonSplitter(max_chunk_size=300)

要获取 json 块，请使用 .split_json 方法：

# Recursively split json data - If you need to access/manipulate the smaller json chunks
json_chunks = splitter.split_json(json_data=json_data)

for chunk in json_chunks[:3]:
    print(chunk)
{'openapi': '3.1.0', 'info': {'title': 'LangSmith', 'version': '0.1.0'}, 'servers': [{'url': 'https://api.smith.langchain.com', 'description': 'LangSmith API endpoint.'}]}
{'paths': {'/api/v1/sessions/{session_id}': {'get': {'tags': ['tracer-sessions'], 'summary': 'Read Tracer Session', 'description': 'Get a specific session.', 'operationId': 'read_tracer_session_api_v1_sessions__session_id__get'}}}}
{'paths': {'/api/v1/sessions/{session_id}': {'get': {'security': [{'API Key': []}, {'Tenant ID': []}, {'Bearer Auth': []}]}}}}

要获取 LangChain 文档 对象，请使用 .create_documents 方法：

# The splitter can also output documents
docs = splitter.create_documents(texts=[json_data])

for doc in docs[:3]:
    print(doc)
page_content='{"openapi": "3.1.0", "info": {"title": "LangSmith", "version": "0.1.0"}, "servers": [{"url": "https://api.smith.langchain.com", "description": "LangSmith API endpoint."}]}'
page_content='{"paths": {"/api/v1/sessions/{session_id}": {"get": {"tags": ["tracer-sessions"], "summary": "Read Tracer Session", "description": "Get a specific session.", "operationId": "read_tracer_session_api_v1_sessions__session_id__get"}}}}'
page_content='{"paths": {"/api/v1/sessions/{session_id}": {"get": {"security": [{"API Key": []}, {"Tenant ID": []}, {"Bearer Auth": []}]}}}}'

Or use .split_text to obtain string content directly:

texts = splitter.split_text(json_data=json_data)

print(texts[0])
print(texts[1])
{"openapi": "3.1.0", "info": {"title": "LangSmith", "version": "0.1.0"}, "servers": [{"url": "https://api.smith.langchain.com", "description": "LangSmith API endpoint."}]}
{"paths": {"/api/v1/sessions/{session_id}": {"get": {"tags": ["tracer-sessions"], "summary": "Read Tracer Session", "description": "Get a specific session.", "operationId": "read_tracer_session_api_v1_sessions__session_id__get"}}}}

如何管理列表内容的块大小​

请注意，此示例中的某个块大于指定的 max_chunk_size 300。审查其中一个更大的块时，我们发现有列表对象存在：

print([len(text) for text in texts][:10])
print()
print(texts[3])
[171, 231, 126, 469, 210, 213, 237, 271, 191, 232]

{"paths": {"/api/v1/sessions/{session_id}": {"get": {"parameters": [{"name": "session_id", "in": "path", "required": true, "schema": {"type": "string", "format": "uuid", "title": "Session Id"}}, {"name": "include_stats", "in": "query", "required": false, "schema": {"type": "boolean", "default": false, "title": "Include Stats"}}, {"name": "accept", "in": "header", "required": false, "schema": {"anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "null"}], "title": "Accept"}}]}}}}

默认的 JSON 拆分器不会拆分列表。

指定 convert_lists=True 以预处理 JSON，将列表内容转换为字典，其中 index:item 作为键，key:val 作为值对：

texts = splitter.split_text(json_data=json_data, convert_lists=True)

让我们看看分块的大小。现在它们都小于最大值

print([len(text) for text in texts][:10])
[176, 236, 141, 203, 212, 221, 210, 213, 242, 291]

列表已转换为字典，但即使被分割成多个块，仍保留所有必要的上下文信息：

print(texts[1])
{"paths": {"/api/v1/sessions/{session_id}": {"get": {"tags": {"0": "tracer-sessions"}, "summary": "Read Tracer Session", "description": "Get a specific session.", "operationId": "read_tracer_session_api_v1_sessions__session_id__get"}}}}
# We can also look at the documents
docs[1]
Document(page_content='{"paths": {"/api/v1/sessions/{session_id}": {"get": {"tags": ["tracer-sessions"], "summary": "Read Tracer Session", "description": "Get a specific session.", "operationId": "read_tracer_session_api_v1_sessions__session_id__get"}}}}')