WebBaseLoader

本文介绍如何使用 WebBaseLoader 将 HTML 网页中的所有文本加载为可供下游使用的文档格式。如需更自定义的网页加载逻辑，请参阅一些子类示例，例如 IMSDbLoader、AZLyricsLoader 和 CollegeConfidentialLoader。

如果您不想担心网站爬取、绕过 JS 拦截站点以及数据清洗问题，可以考虑使用 FireCrawlLoader 或更快的选项 SpiderLoader。

概览

集成详情

• 待办：填写表格功能。
• 待办事项：如果 JavaScript 支持链接不相关，请将其移除；否则，请确保链接正确。
• 待办事项：确保 API 参考链接正确无误。

类	包	本地	可序列化的	JS 支持
WebBaseLoader	langchain_community	✅	❌	❌

加载器功能

源	文档延迟加载	原生异步支持
WebBaseLoader	✅	✅

设置

凭据

WebBaseLoader 不需要任何凭据。

安装

要使用 WebBaseLoader，您首先需要安装 langchain-community Python 包。

%pip install -qU langchain_community beautifulsoup4

初始化

现在我们可以实例化模型对象并加载文档：

from langchain_community.document_loaders import WebBaseLoader

loader = WebBaseLoader("https://www.example.com/")

API 参考：WebBaseLoader

要在获取过程中绕过 SSL 验证错误，您可以设置 "verify" 选项：

loader.requests_kwargs = {'verify':False}

使用多个页面进行初始化

您也可以传入一个页面列表以从中加载。

loader_multiple_pages = WebBaseLoader(
    ["https://www.example.com/", "https://google.com"]
)

加载

docs = loader.load()

docs[0]

Document(metadata={'source': 'https://www.example.com/', 'title': 'Example Domain', 'language': 'No language found.'}, page_content='\n\n\nExample Domain\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nExample Domain\nThis domain is for use in illustrative examples in documents. You may use this\n    domain in literature without prior coordination or asking for permission.\nMore information...\n\n\n\n')

print(docs[0].metadata)

{'source': 'https://www.example.com/', 'title': 'Example Domain', 'language': 'No language found.'}

并发加载多个 URL

您可以通过并发抓取和解析多个 URL 来加速抓取过程。

并发请求存在合理的限制，默认为每秒 2 个。如果您不介意是否遵守规范，或者您控制着正在抓取的服务器且不关心负载情况，可以修改 requests_per_second 参数以增加最大并发请求数。请注意，虽然这将加快抓取过程，但也可能导致服务器阻止您的访问。请务必小心！

%pip install -qU  nest_asyncio

# fixes a bug with asyncio and jupyter
import nest_asyncio

nest_asyncio.apply()

Note: you may need to restart the kernel to use updated packages.

loader = WebBaseLoader(["https://www.example.com/", "https://google.com"])
loader.requests_per_second = 1
docs = loader.aload()
docs

Fetching pages: 100%|###########################################################################| 2/2 [00:00<00:00,  8.28it/s]

[Document(metadata={'source': 'https://www.example.com/', 'title': 'Example Domain', 'language': 'No language found.'}, page_content='\n\n\nExample Domain\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nExample Domain\nThis domain is for use in illustrative examples in documents. You may use this\n    domain in literature without prior coordination or asking for permission.\nMore information...\n\n\n\n'),
 Document(metadata={'source': 'https://google.com', 'title': 'Google', 'description': "Search the world's information, including webpages, images, videos and more. Google has many special features to help you find exactly what you're looking for.", 'language': 'en'}, page_content='GoogleSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Web History | Settings | Sign in\xa0Advanced search5 ways Gemini can help during the HolidaysAdvertisingBusiness SolutionsAbout Google© 2024 - Privacy - Terms  ')]

加载 XML 文件，或使用不同的 BeautifulSoup 解析器

您也可以查看 SitemapLoader 以了解如何加载站点地图文件的示例，这是使用该功能的一个实例。

loader = WebBaseLoader(
    "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CFR-2018-title10-vol3/xml/CFR-2018-title10-vol3-sec431-86.xml"
)
loader.default_parser = "xml"
docs = loader.load()
docs

[Document(metadata={'source': 'https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CFR-2018-title10-vol3/xml/CFR-2018-title10-vol3-sec431-86.xml'}, page_content='\n\n10\nEnergy\n3\n2018-01-01\n2018-01-01\nfalse\nUniform test method for the measurement of energy efficiency of commercial packaged boilers.\n§ 431.86\nSection § 431.86\n\nEnergy\nDEPARTMENT OF ENERGY\nENERGY CONSERVATION\nENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAM FOR CERTAIN COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT\nCommercial Packaged Boilers\nTest Procedures\n\n\n\n\n§\u2009431.86\nUniform test method for the measurement of energy efficiency of commercial packaged boilers.\n(a) Scope. This section provides test procedures, pursuant to the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA), as amended, which must be followed for measuring the combustion efficiency and/or thermal efficiency of a gas- or oil-fired commercial packaged boiler.\n(b) Testing and Calculations. Determine the thermal efficiency or combustion efficiency of commercial packaged boilers by conducting the appropriate test procedure(s) indicated in Table 1 of this section.\n\nTable 1—Test Requirements for Commercial Packaged Boiler Equipment Classes\n\nEquipment category\nSubcategory\nCertified rated inputBtu/h\n\nStandards efficiency metric(§\u2009431.87)\n\nTest procedure(corresponding to\nstandards efficiency\nmetric required\nby §\u2009431.87)\n\n\n\nHot Water\nGas-fired\n≥300,000 and ≤2,500,000\nThermal Efficiency\nAppendix A, Section 2.\n\n\nHot Water\nGas-fired\n>2,500,000\nCombustion Efficiency\nAppendix A, Section 3.\n\n\nHot Water\nOil-fired\n≥300,000 and ≤2,500,000\nThermal Efficiency\nAppendix A, Section 2.\n\n\nHot Water\nOil-fired\n>2,500,000\nCombustion Efficiency\nAppendix A, Section 3.\n\n\nSteam\nGas-fired (all*)\n≥300,000 and ≤2,500,000\nThermal Efficiency\nAppendix A, Section 2.\n\n\nSteam\nGas-fired (all*)\n>2,500,000 and ≤5,000,000\nThermal Efficiency\nAppendix A, Section 2.\n\n\n\u2003\n\n>5,000,000\nThermal Efficiency\nAppendix A, Section 2.OR\nAppendix A, Section 3 with Section 2.4.3.2.\n\n\n\nSteam\nOil-fired\n≥300,000 and ≤2,500,000\nThermal Efficiency\nAppendix A, Section 2.\n\n\nSteam\nOil-fired\n>2,500,000 and ≤5,000,000\nThermal Efficiency\nAppendix A, Section 2.\n\n\n\u2003\n\n>5,000,000\nThermal Efficiency\nAppendix A, Section 2.OR\nAppendix A, Section 3. with Section 2.4.3.2.\n\n\n\n*\u2009Equipment classes for commercial packaged boilers as of July 22, 2009 (74 FR 36355) distinguish between gas-fired natural draft and all other gas-fired (except natural draft).\n\n(c) Field Tests. The field test provisions of appendix A may be used only to test a unit of commercial packaged boiler with rated input greater than 5,000,000 Btu/h.\n[81 FR 89305, Dec. 9, 2016]\n\n\nEnergy Efficiency Standards\n\n')]

懒加载

您可以使用延迟加载，每次仅加载一页，以最大限度地减少内存需求。

pages = []
for doc in loader.lazy_load():
    pages.append(doc)

print(pages[0].page_content[:100])
print(pages[0].metadata)

10
Energy
3
2018-01-01
2018-01-01
false
Uniform test method for the measurement of energy efficien
{'source': 'https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CFR-2018-title10-vol3/xml/CFR-2018-title10-vol3-sec431-86.xml'}

异步

pages = []
async for doc in loader.alazy_load():
    pages.append(doc)

print(pages[0].page_content[:100])
print(pages[0].metadata)

Fetching pages: 100%|###########################################################################| 1/1 [00:00<00:00, 10.51it/s]
``````output


10
Energy
3
2018-01-01
2018-01-01
false
Uniform test method for the measurement of energy efficien
{'source': 'https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CFR-2018-title10-vol3/xml/CFR-2018-title10-vol3-sec431-86.xml'}

使用代理

有时您可能需要使用代理来绕过 IP 封锁。您可以将代理字典传递给加载器（以及下方的 requests）以使用它们。

loader = WebBaseLoader(
    "https://www.walmart.com/search?q=parrots",
    proxies={
        "http": "http://{username}:{password}:@proxy.service.com:6666/",
        "https": "https://{username}:{password}:@proxy.service.com:6666/",
    },
)
docs = loader.load()

API 参考

有关所有 WebBaseLoader 功能和配置的详细文档，请参阅 API 参考：https://python.langchain.com/api_reference/community/document_loaders/langchain_community.document_loaders.web_base.WebBaseLoader.html

相关

• 文档加载器 概念指南
• 文档加载器 操操作指南